BORDER PATROL FALSELY IMPRISONED 9 & 14-YEAR-OLD US CITIZEN SIBLINGS

In 2019, a 9-year-old girl, Julia, and her 14-year-old brother, Oscar were in a car returning to the United States with their mother’s friend. They had to return to San Diego after a brief trip in order to attend school. When they arrived at the border at 7am the traffic was moving very slowly through the customs checkpoint according to an article published by Telemundo. The brother and sister and two two other children got out of the car to walk across the border since it would be hours quicker than if they waited to go through in the car. The adult they were traveling with was ordering an Uber to pick the children up on the US side and bring them to school. Julia and Oscar both had valid US passports with them when they arrived at the border checkpoint. The other two children they were with went through to the US without an issue. Julia and Oscar were taken aside for a secondary inspection where they searched their backpacks and then took Julia to a separate room. The officers question them separately and according to court records, and Julia was questioned in a room alone with an officer who was “known for getting confessions.” They allege that Julia is not his sister but actually his cousin using Julia’s passport. He says that he told the officers that Julia was indeed his sister and not his cousin multiple times. Despite Julia and Oscar both telling the officers they were wrong. The officers continued to interrogate the two minors without a parent present. Eventually the officers threaten to take Oscar to jail for human trafficking and he might be charged with sex trafficking a minor unless he signs a statement which says that Julia is his cousin. They held Oscar until the following day before releasing him but they did not release Julia. Her mother was not allowed to see Julia or speak with her because they said she was not the girl’s mother. Not knowing what to do she contacted Telemundo who contacted CBP and the Mexican Consulate. It was not until almost 48 hours later that the minor was released from custody. According to an article in the Los Angeles Times, “The two children remain distressed following the incident. Oscar’s grades declined and his parents sought therapy for him. Julia, who was also in therapy following her detention, also suffered insomnia and nightmares that have continued for years, [Judge] Curiel wrote in his ruling.” “No employee interviews were conducted. All audio and video evidence was deleted. CBP simply put out a press release blaming the children and swept the rest under the rug, If CBP will try to hide the truth when U.S. citizen children are treated so outrageously, imagine how often misconduct against undocumented children will go on uncorrected. I find that deeply troubling.” Joseph McMullen, Attorney for the Family In 2022 the family brought a lawsuit against CBP for unlawfully detaining the two US citizen children, improperly interrogating them, and intentionally inflicting psychological harm. In a 2024 decision the Judge ruled in their favor and criticized the officers in his ruling for failing to interview family members who could have provided proof of the girl’s identity and not reviewing documents in the girl’s backpack that could have quelled their suspicions. “Common sense and ordinary human experience indicate that it was not reasonable to detain Julia for 34 hours to determine her identity or to detain Oscar for about 14 hours to determine whether he was smuggling or trafficking his sister when multiple means of investigation were available and officers unreasonably failed to pursue them,” Judge Curiel wrote in his decision. The Judge awarded $250,000 to the children’s mother, $175,000 to Oscar and $1.1 million to Julia. The attorney for the family said he appreciated the ruling and thanked the Judge for allowing “the opportunity to examine at trial, the high-level CBP officials who were complicit in this outrageous conduct” according to the Las Angeles Times Article. Unfortunately, this is not an isolated incident. Despite the stats posted by DHS it is not uncommon for US citizens and even US citizen children to be wrongfully detained for extended periods of time by immigration officials. In the same year (2019) an eighteen-year-old US citizen high school student who was born in Texas was jailed for weeks by CBP without being charged according to an article from CNN. He was held in atrocious overcrowded conditions that were so bad that he lost 28 pounds during the 27 days he was detained. There were 70 other men being detained in the same cell with only a single toilet that had no door or wall or privacy of any kind. They were given wipes “every few days” to clean themselves. The teen said that the wipes were useless because they were covered in so much dirt. He said that when told the officers he had the right to call an attorney he was told, “you have no rights.” His attorney said he was given the run around by ICE. After he provided ample proof of the teen’s US citizenship including his full birth certificate, ICE continued to detain him two weeks and initiated removal proceedings against him trying to deport him. The teen did not bring legal action against CBP or ICE and has remained remarkably positive about the experience of being kidnapped by his own government for three weeks. In the interview he did with CNN he said, “It’s made me stronger. I see life differently after seeing how other people have been suffering. It’s made me understand many things like how you can live your life while others are suffering.” “It’s made me stronger. I see life differently after seeing how other people have been suffering. It’s made me understand many things like how you can live your life while others are suffering.”

Mandatory Detention

When a foreign national is taken into the custody of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), one of the initial steps taken by the deportation officer is to determine whether or not to grant a bond. A bond is a monetary payment made to the U.S. government (often by a friend, relative, or bond company) that allows the individual to be released from custody while pursuing relief in removal proceedings in front of an immigration judge. The bond money paid is intended to ensure that the foreign national will attend their hearings, as failure to do so will result in the government keeping the money. However, some foreign nationals are not eligible for release on bond, even if they are willing to pay, regardless of the circumstances. Specifically, those who have criminal convictions will not be able to request release on bond because of the mandatory detention statute INA § 236 (c). Mandatory Detention Statute INA § 236 (c), The Attorney General shall take into custody any alien who- (A) is inadmissible by reason of having committed any offense covered in section 1182(a)(2) of this title, (B) is deportable by reason of having committed any offense covered in section 1227(a)(2)(A)(ii), (A)(iii), (B), (C), or (D) of this title, (C) is deportable under section 1227(a)(2)(A)(i) of this title on the basis of an offense for which the alien has been sentence 1 to a term of imprisonment of at least 1 year, or (D) is inadmissible under section 1182(a)(3)(B) of this title or deportable under section 1227(a)(4)(B) of this title, when the alien is released, without regard to whether the alien is released on parole, supervised release, or probation, and without regard to whether the alien may be arrested or imprisoned again for the same offense. INA § 236 (c) Serious Harms of Mandatory Detention If a respondent is subject to mandatory detention neither ICE nor an immigration judge will entertain the possibility of granting them bond. These individuals will remain in jail throughout the removal proceedings, irrespective of their immigration status or personal circumstances. Each year, ICE detains over 100,000 immigrants, including people who have lived in the U.S. fordecades, parents of U.S. citizens and individuals who come to the country seeking safety. ICE subjects people in detention to dangerous conditions and substandard medical care. Noncitizens that are detained by ICE are typically held in jails along with criminals that are being detained by the State pending a criminal trial or serving short sentences. Detention facilities are often located in rural, hard to reach areas, inaccessible to families and legal counsel. In New York ICE hold noncitizens in several jails in New Jersey that are run by various counties and private prison companies (Bergen County, Hudson County and Kearny are the most commonly used facilities). Bergen County Jail was actually the subject of a season of the TV show “Locked Up” where viewers saw the widespread drug trafficking and inmate on inmate violence in the facility that was filled with career criminal gang members. Grounds for Mandatory Detention The grounds for mandatory detention always involve some criminal activity on the part of the noncitizen. The exact type depends on whether U.S. immigration authorities are charging them with being inadmissible to the United States or deportable from the United States. The document containing the immigration charges against you, called a Notice to Appear (NTA), tells you which one the government is charging you with. If you were legally admitted to the United States the last time you came, you’re subject to grounds of deportability. If you were never legally given permission to come to the U.S., or if you come back from a trip outside the U.S. after having committed a certain type of crime, you’re subject to the grounds of inadmissibility. Mandatory detention applies to respondents charged as inadmissible due to conviction for: An actual conviction is not required in all of the above cases. If you admitted committing certain crimes, or there’s enough evidence to suggest you committed certain crimes, you can be subject to mandatory detention. Respondents charged as deportable/removeable based on criminal convictions for: MANDATORY DETENTION FLOWCHART NOTES: Two ore more CIMT convictions from “single scheme”: A person is deportable for two or more CIMT convictions after admission, unless the convictions arose from a “single scheme of criminal misconduct.” INA § 237(a)(2)(A) (ii). The BIA defines single scheme to mean essentially from the same incident, where the perpetrator has no time to reconsider continuing with the criminal plan. Matter of Islam, 25 I&N Dec. 637, 638 (BIA 2011). The above flowchart does not ask about this. The petty offense exception applies to the inadmissibility, but not to deportability based on crimes involving moral turpitude (“CIMT”), and also to the bar to establishing good moral character based on CIMTs. Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”) §§ 212(a)(2)(A)(i)(II), 101(f)(3). The petty offense exception requires a potential sentence that does not “exceed” one year, so one year is okay. The potential sentence must be one year or less, the sentence imposed must be six months or less, and the person must have committed just one CIMT. The above flowchart includes the petty offense exception. Petty offense exception and non-LPR cancellation: A conviction for a petty offense that fits within the exception may still bar a respondent from non-LPR cancellation of removal (42B) relief under INA § 240A(b)(1)(C), See Matter of Cortez, 25 I&N Dec. 301 (BIA 2010), Matter of Pedroza, 25 I&N Dec. 312 (BIA 2010). This rule may change in the Ninth Circuit Ninth Circuit. See Lozano-Arredondo v. Sessions, 866 F.3d 1082, 1088-93 (9th Cir. 2017), but at the moment the Board continues to apply the rule. See Matter of Ortega-Lopez, 27 I&N Dec. 382 (BIA 2018).

DYING IN IMMIGRATION DETENTION

On April 6, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) announced the death of 61 year-old Salvador Vargas at the Stewart Detention Center in Lumpkin, GA which occurred on April 4. Deaths in ICE custody are far too common, and particularly devastating in detention centers with a history of medical neglect [and falsifying documents to cover up murder] Though this is the first reported death in ICE custody in 2023, this reporting can be misleading. ICE has repeatedly released critically-ill individuals from detention (most often to a hospital) to distance themselves from responsibility for an immigrant’s eventual death. There is an L.A. Times article detailing the practice of releasing people from custody so they can die somewhere that isn’t their property. Deaths in ICE detention hit a 15-year high in fiscal year 2020, coinciding with the outbreak of COVID-19 and its devastating impact on people held in jails, prisons, and detention centers. While the pandemic contributed to some of the increase in deaths, overall conditions in detention when the Trump administration was detaining a record 50,000+ people, contributed to the high death toll.   It is not just adults dying in immigration custody. In recent months, at least seven children have either died in custody or after being detained by federal immigration agencies at the border.  American Civil Liberties Union https://www.aclu.org/news/immigrants-rights/immigrant-kids-keep-dying-cbp-detention The U.S. government has acknowledged these atrocities and they appear in a report released Thursday by the House Oversight and Reform Committee [which appears to have been removed from the government’s website]. It is mentioned briefly in this report by the oversight committee. There is even a video of guards allowing a mentally ill man in immigration custody die from self-inflicted wounds, which I linked to below. This video was taken at the Stewart Detention Center. The Stewart Detention Center, owned and operated by private prison company CoreCivic, is one of the largest immigration jails in the country — and the deadliest. Since 2017, eight people detained at Stewart have died: four from complications with Covid-19 and two by suicide, including Romero. Two others died of pneumonia and a heart attack. In December, medical examiners concluded that 7-year-old Jakelin Caal Maquin, who also died in CBP custody, succumbed to “a rapidly progressive infection” that shut down her vital organs. CBP sent Jakelin on a 90-mile bus ride to another location after she was taken into custody, even though her father had told officials she was vomiting and feeling ill before they left. CBP officials said last year that Jakelin waited an hour and a half to receive emergency medical care after showing symptoms. Deaths of several other migrant children were reported in just eight months following her death. CBP holding facilities are “basically concrete floors with mats and barbed wire fencing and bright lights 24/7,” Linton said. “That can be a very disorienting environment to children.” This is deeply disturbing as is the lack of news coverage and the lack of outrage. The number of deaths in ICE custody increased dramatically during the 2020 fiscal year, which ends September 30. Eight of the 21 deaths in ICE custody were linked to Covid-19. Note: Annual totals are for fiscal years, which run from October 1-September 30. Source: US Immigration and Customs Enforcement Congress mandates that DHS post a list of the names and dates of death of individuals that died while being detained by ICE for immigration infractions, though this list does not include many people who died in custody for various reasons. You can see the official list here. So far in 2023 DHS acknowledges just a few of the several confirmed deaths that took place in their custody. 2023 Date of Death Name October 13, 2022 Mendoza, Melvin Ariel Calero March 5, 2023 Dumitrascu, Cristian April 4, 2023 Rosales-Vargas, Salvador June 23, 2023 Rocha-Cuadra, Ernesto 2022 Date of Death Name October 1, 2021 Sanchez-Gotopo, Pablo July 8, 2022 Gonzalez-Soto, Benjamin August 24, 2022 Vial, Kesley 2021 Date of Death Name December 17, 2020 Jones, Anthony January 30, 2021 Montes, Felipe February 5, 2021 Dean, Jesse March 15, 2021 Gallego-Agudelo, Diego Fernando August 3, 2021 Centeno-Briones, Elba Maria 2020 Date of Death Name October 1, 2019 Abienwi, Nebane October 15, 2019 Hernandez-Diaz, Roylan December 21, 2019 Akinyemi, Anthony Oluseye December 29, 2019 Mavinga, Samuelino January 25, 2020 Owen, Ben James January 27, 2020 Hernandez-Fundora, Alberto February 20, 2020 Hernandez-Colula, David March 8, 2020 Ochoa-Yoc De Ramirez, Maria Celeste March 18, 2020 Carcamo-Navarro, Orlan Ariel March 21, 2020 Hernandez-Ibarra, Ramiro May 6, 2020 Escobar-Mejia, Carlos Ernesto May 17, 2020 Ahn, Choung Woong May 24, 2020 Baten-Oxlaj, Santiago July 12, 2020 Perez-Montufa, Onoval July 15, 2020 Sanchez-Perez, Luis (aka Hernandez-Cabrera, Mauricio) August 5, 2020 Hill, James Tomas August 5, 2020 Lee, Kuan Hui August 10, 2020 Guillen Vega, Jose Freddy August 28, 2020 Sabonger-Garcia, Fernando September 21, 2020 Chavez Alvarez, Cipriano September 26, 2020 Jally, Romien